Even though the new quantum equations have similar symmetry properties as their classical counterparts, it also reveals numerous phenomena that can contribute at this level to the problems mentioned above. This is the subject of quantum mechanics. In the twentieth century, it became clear that the microworld was described by a different kind of physics along with mathematical ideas that need not be taken into account in describing the macroworld. There are many reasons for example, there exists a great disparity between microscopic and macroscopic scales and the fact that the events we observe in the macroworld are determined not only by the microscopic dynamics but also by the initial conditions or state of the system. It subsequently became apparent that not only is there no conflict between reversible microscopic laws and irreversible microscopic behavior, but there are extremely strong reasons to expect the latter from the former. Physical processes, on the other hand, are irreversible, such as conduction of heat and diffusion processes. If then the motion of every particle of matter in the universe were precisely reversed at any instant, the course of nature would be simply reversed for ever after. Lord Kelvin wrote about the subjection of physical phenomenon to microscopic dynamical law. In the nineteenth century, the problem of reconciling time asymmetric behavior with time symmetric microscopic dynamics became a central issue in this area of physics.
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One should be able to assign an entropy to a black hole given by S H = A H / 4where A His the surface area of the black hole.
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The analogy between properties of black holes and thermodynamics could be extended to a complete correspondence, since a black hole in free space had been shown to radiate thermally with a temperature T = κ / 2 π, where κis the surface gravity. It is not surprising then to find they have a very wide range of applications beyond their original scope, such as to gravitation. The laws of thermodynamics are fundamental to the present understanding of nature.